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How does PCOS affect fertility?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the primary causes of infertility due to its impact on ovulation. However, it is still possible for individuals with PCOS to conceive naturally or through fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), if they wish to start a family.
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What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome affects about one in ten women in the UK. It can impact individuals of any age after puberty, with most diagnoses occurring in their early twenties and thirties. PCOS mainly affects ovarian function, making conception more difficult. Symptoms may include irregular menstrual periods, bloating, weight gain, oily skin, and excessive facial and body hair. Additionally, PCOS can lead to the formation of cysts on the ovaries and may cause mood swings or anxiety.
Rest assured, these symptoms can be managed through medication, lifestyle changes, and, if necessary, surgery. Your doctor will assess your symptoms and offer a suitable treatment plan.
How does PCOS affect fertility?
PCOS impacts fertility in several ways. It disrupts the normal functioning of the ovaries, which can hinder ovulation and the release of eggs. This is primarily due to hormonal imbalances, including elevated levels of androgens, often referred to as male hormones. These imbalances can further affect egg quality, decreasing the chances of successful fertilisation and implantation. It's also important to understand that other factors, such as age, lifestyle, and underlying medical conditions, can affect fertility.
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PCOS fertility tests
To assess your fertility, your doctor or fertility clinic will evaluate your symptoms and conduct hormone tests to determine whether excess hormone production is due to PCOS or another hormone-related condition.
Additionally, an ultrasound may be performed to check for multiple follicles in your ovaries. Blood tests may also be needed to assess hormone levels and screen for conditions such as diabetes or high cholesterol, which can be linked to PCOS.
Fertility treatment for PCOS
There are various fertility treatment options available, depending on each individual’s circumstances. Doctors will assess your fertility health to determine the best treatment plan to maximise your chances of conceiving.
Medication – Your doctor may prescribe medications such as clomiphene, letrozole, or metformin to stimulate ovulation and improve fertility. Metformin, commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, can also lower insulin and blood sugar levels in those with PCOS. Additionally, it can encourage regular monthly periods and decrease the risks of heart disease and miscarriage.
Lifestyle changes – Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial, as being overweight can affect your chances of conceiving. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and fish can support your goals. It's important to limit alcohol consumption and avoid smoking. Incorporating regular exercise into your routine can also aid in weight management. However, consult your doctor before making any significant changes to your diet or exercise habits.
Surgery options – If medication is ineffective, a minor surgical procedure known as laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) may be recommended. This procedure is performed under general anaesthetic and involves making a small incision in the lower abdomen. A thin microscope to treat the ovaries.
This treatment helps to lower androgen levels, assisting in correcting hormonal imbalances and restoring normal ovarian function.
Fertility treatment - If you have PCOS and are having difficulty getting pregnant, fertility treatment such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) may be an option for you. IVF is a process that involves collecting eggs from the ovaries, fertilising them with sperm in a laboratory, and then transferring the resulting embryos into the womb.
You can either speak to your doctor or book a consultation with your local fertility clinic. You will then undergo a fertility assessment to evaluate your fertility health, which will help determine the best treatment plan for you.
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