&w=384&q=75)
)
What is endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a condition where cells similar to those found in the lining of the uterus grow outside of it, commonly in the pelvis. The cause of this condition is unknown and can lead to severe pelvic pain during periods, though some individuals may experience no symptoms at all.
In the UK, endometriosis affects around one in ten women, however, many remain unaware they have it as it can take a long time to receive a diagnosis. On average, it takes around eight years to get diagnosed. So, it is important to be aware of the symptoms, as some women may mistake it for period pain when, in fact, it can indicate a serious issue.
Common symptoms
Some women start experiencing symptoms of endometriosis during their teenage years. So, paying attention to what your body is telling you is essential.
With endometriosis, it is common to experience severe pelvic pain, especially during your menstrual bleed. The pelvic pain may prevent you from carrying out your daily activities. You may also experience heavy periods and discomfort while using the toilet when passing urine or stools. Additional symptoms can include lower abdominal and back pain, discomfort during and after sex, bloating, extreme tiredness and difficulty getting pregnant.
Furthermore, the condition can significantly impact your wellbeing, especially if the pain interferes with your daily life and job. However, it is important to contact your GP if you have any concerns. Rest assured, many of these symptoms can be managed with appropriate medicines or surgery.
&w=3840&q=100)
Stages of endometriosis
Endometriosis has four stages, which are characterised by the location, size, and depth of the tissues growing outside the uterus.
Stage one – minimal: This is when you have small spots of endometriosis that cause inflammation in or around the pelvic cavity.
Stage two – mild: Symptoms involve light lesions and shallow implants of endometriosis that develop on the ovary and pelvic lining.
Stage three – moderate: This stage involves implants that are deeply embedded in the ovaries and on the pelvic lining.
Stage four – severe: This is the most advanced stage of endometriosis. It involves deep implants on the pelvic lining and ovaries and depending on the patient’s diagnosis, there may also be lesions on the fallopian tubes and bowels.
&w=3840&q=100)
What are the causes of endometriosis?
There is no known cause of endometriosis, but there are genetic, immune system and hormonal factors that can enhance the risk of endometriosis.
Most women have menstruation retrograde, which occurs when the endometrium (womb lining) or some menstrual blood flows backwards through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis. Women tend to naturally clear the tissue during the menstrual cycle, however some can’t. Therefore, this leads to the tissue attaching itself to the pelvis and growing.
Additionally, if a family member, such as a parent or sibling, has endometriosis, it can be hereditary. This means that genetics can play a part in the cause of the condition.
Furthermore, the immune system tends to clear away endometrial tissues that are found outside the uterus. However, those who have a weak immune system are unable to effectively remove this tissue, therefore enhancing the condition.
Other factors that can increase the likelihood of the condition include late menopause, shorter menstrual cycles, heavy periods that last longer than seven days and individuals who have never had any children.
How do you diagnose endometriosis?
The diagnosis of endometriosis can be difficult, but there are several tests that can detect its presence in the pelvis. Commonly, these include:
Imaging tests – An ultrasound or MRI enables your doctor to look at the organs, pelvis and tissues inside the body to assess the extent of the condition. In some circumstances, the condition doesn’t show up on all scans, which is why there are other ways to diagnose it.
Laparoscopy – Laparoscopy is the best way to diagnose endometriosis. It is a keyhole operation to see the pelvic organs under general anaesthetic. This is where a camera is passed into the pelvis through a small cut in the stomach. If any abnormal tissues are found, a biopsy may be required to confirm a diagnosis of endometriosis.
Talk to an expert
If you have any questions about endometriosis or if you're concerned about your fertility, our friendly patient support team is here to provide the support and guidance you need.
&w=3840&q=75)
Reviewed by Justin Chu, Medical Director at TFP Oxford Fertility.
No results found
Try customising your search or removing filters
&w=3840&q=75)
&w=3840&q=75)
Ready to start your fertility journey? We're here for you
Speak to our patient support team for advice about your options and to book your first consultation with a fertility expert.